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Emergency Preparedness in Human Subjects Research
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The Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) is developing tools and policies over the remainder of this year to support the development of emergency preparedness requirements.
What is Emergency Preparedness
Emergency preparedness is identifying and mitigating potential disruptions that could negatively impact research continuity and human subject safety.
Why Emergency Preparedness Matters
Emergency preparedness ensures that research teams can:
Maintain continuity of critical studies
Reduce risks to participants
Respond quickly and effectively when disruptions occur
Anticipate potential risks and define response strategies in advance
June 2026 IRB Insights Session
The June IRB Insights session served only as an introduction, with more detailed guidance, tools, and policy updates expected in the coming months. The next steps over the remainder of the year will be to provide research teams with the resources needed to integrate preparedness into everyday study planning.
View the slides and recording of the June IRB Insights.
A Practical Framework for Preparedness
The session concluded with a simple checklist for getting started:
Identify risks (to participants, staff, and study integrity)
Map key contacts and backup communication pathways
Plan for continuity (what continues, what pauses, what adapts)
Document and report changes appropriately
Train and test the plan regularly
This framework mirrors standard research practices but applies them through an emergency preparedness lens.
Risk-Based Decision Making
Preparedness planning begins with understanding risk. Teams are encouraged to assess:
Risks to human subjects
Risks to research staff
Risks to study integrity
Higher-risk studies, such as clinical trials involving investigational drugs, require more robust contingency plans that include addressing:
How will drugs be stored during power outages?
What monitoring processes ensure safety if systems fail?
What happens if supplies are interrupted
During past disruptions like COVID-19, institutions prioritized higher-risk studies for continuation, while lower-risk research was paused—an approach that reinforces the importance of risk stratification.
Moving Beyond Single-Event Planning
When considering preparedness, researchers should consider a wide range of possible disruptions, including natural disasters, power outages, cyberattacks, facility closures, or supply chain interruptions. The goal for planning it to identify how these events might affect staffing, communication, data access, and human subjects safety—and to plan accordingly.
Communication Is Critical
Clear, reliable communication is at the heart of effective emergency preparedness. Research teams should identify key contacts (IRB, sponsors, pharmacy, study staff), backup contacts, and alternative communication methods if systems fail.
Events such as internet outages or loss of system access can significantly disrupt coordination. Having redundant communication pathways and documented contact lists ensures teams can stay connected when it matters most.
Additionally, plans should include communication strategies for human subjects, ensuring they are informed about any changes that affect their involvement or safety.
Ensuring Continuity of Research Operations
Preparedness also requires planning for continuity of operations, including:
Access to research records and data
Secure backups in case of cyber incidents
Defined workflows for emergency situations
Teams should consider how research activities might shift during an emergency, including:
Moving procedures to remote or virtual formats
Modifying protocols to maintain safety
Temporarily pausing activities when necessary
Decisions should always be guided by participant safety and ethical considerations, with appropriate documentation and reporting to the IRB and sponsors.
Defining Roles and Responsibilities
Successful response efforts depend on clearly defined roles. Preparedness plans should address:
Who makes key decisions
Who serves as backup leadership if the principal investigator is unavailable
How responsibilities are delegated across the team
While clinical trials often have structured delegation processes, other research settings may need to formalize these roles to ensure continuity.
Training and Continuous Improvement
Creating a plan is only the first step. Research teams must also:
Train staff on emergency procedures
Practice scenarios or “tabletop exercises”
Regularly review and refine plans
Preparedness should be treated as an ongoing process—similar to other research practices—where teams continuously assess and improve their approach.
After any disruption, teams should conduct debriefs to identify lessons learned and strengthen future responses.